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Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (May 21, 1796 — February 25, 1868) was an American businessman, bon vivant, diplomat, and influential political activist in Washington, D.C. during the first half of the 19th century. Although he never held elective office, he was a prominent Whig and influential in presidential electoral politics in the 1840s and 1850s.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 78.〕 His home, the Tayloe House, became a salon for politically powerful people in the federal government and socially influential individuals in the United States and abroad. Tayloe was also a party in the important 1869 contract law case, ''Willard v. Tayloe'', 75 U.S. 557. ==Birth, schooling and diplomatic career== Tayloe was born on May 21, 1796, at Ogle Hall in Annapolis, Maryland,〔 a home belonging to his maternal grandfather, Benjamin Ogle, the ninth Governor of Maryland.〔 His maternal great-grandfather was former Provincial governor, Samuel Ogle.〔Warfield, ''The Founders of Anne Arundel And Howard Counties, Maryland,'' 1905, p. 248–250.〕 Tayloe's father was Colonel John Tayloe III, one of the richest people in Virginia.〔Coclanis, ''The Atlantic Economy During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,'' 2005, p. 330-331.〕 Colonel Tayloe had built The Octagon House in 1800, and his great-grandfather had built the great country estate house of Mount Airy in Richmond County, Virginia in 1762.〔McCue, ''The Octagon: Being An Account of a Famous Washington Residence, Its Great Years, Decline & Restoration,'' 1976, p. 9.〕 His mother, Anne Ogle Tayloe, was the granddaughter of Governor Benjamin Ogle.〔 He was tutored by Samuel Hoar, a prominent lawyer and politician in the state of Massachusetts.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 2.〕 When he was 13 years old, he entered Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 2-3.〕 His roommate was John Adams Dix, later the United States Secretary of the Treasury, Senator, and 24th Governor of New York.〔〔See, generally, Dix, ''Memoirs of John Adams Dix,'' 1883.〕 He entered Harvard College in 1811, where his classmates included some of the most prominent Americans of the next half-century: historian Jared Sparks; jurist Theophilus Parsons; cleric and politician John G. Palfrey; Unitarian minister Convers Francis; businessman John Amory Lowell; and historian William H. Prescott.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 3.〕 While in college during the War of 1812, he witnessed the famous battle between the ''HMS Shannon'' and the ''USS Chesapeake''.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 4.〕〔For information about the battle, see, generally, Poolman, ''Guns Off Cape Ann: The Story of the Shannon and the Chesapeake,'' 1962.〕 He dined with the ''Chesapeake's'' Captain, James Lawrence, the night before the battle.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 4-6.〕 He graduated from Harvard in 1815.〔 From 1815 to 1817, Tayloe studied law under United States Attorney General Richard Rush.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 6.〕 When Rush was appointed Minister to Great Britain in 1817, Tayloe was named his Private Secretary.〔 While in London, he lived at 15 King Street, Portman Square.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 7.〕 He visited often with many of Great Britain's most influential politicians and nobility, and became close friends with the young painter Washington Allston and the author Washington Irving.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 7-8.〕 He was presented to the Prince Regent, George, in 1818.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 9-10.〕 He also traveled widely in Europe, Ireland, and Scotland,〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 8-12.〕 and was an observer at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 12-13.〕 He traveled to Paris in the spring of 1819, where Minister to France Albert Gallatin introduced him to King Louis XVIII and Talleyrand.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 15.〕 Tayloe returned to the United States in November 1819 and settled at Windsor (his inherited family estate in King George County, Virginia), where he began writing for various horse racing and horse breeding publications.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 17, 20.〕〔Belair Mansion, his maternal grandfather's residence, had been home to some of the earliest horse racing and horse breeding in the United States, and would continue to be so for three centuries. See: Fiehler and Baltz, "National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: Belair Mansion," 1976.〕 On November 8, 1824, Tayloe married Julia Maria Dickinson of Troy, New York.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 21.〕 The couple had six children: John (born 1826), Edward (born 1829), Estelle (born 1833), Anna (born 1834), Eugenie (born 1835), and Julia (born 1838).〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 89.〕 Anna died when just two years old. Although Tayloe preferred to live at Windsor, his wife asked that they move into the city where she was more comfortable.〔Watson, ''In Memoriam: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe,'' 1872, p. 23.〕 On March 23, 1828, Tayloe's father, Col. John Tayloe III, died.〔Hardy, ''Colonial Families of the Southern States of America,'' 1911, p. 502.〕 In 1816 Col. Tayloe had built six two-story houses facing Pennsylvania Avenue at 14th Street NW, and in 1817 had leased them to John Tennison who ran them as a hotel.〔Moeller and Weeks, ''AIA Guide to the Architecture of Washington, D.C.,'' 2006, p. 133.〕〔Hogarth, ''Walking Tours of Old Washington and Alexandria,'' 1985, p. 28.〕 The structures served as a hotel for the next three decades, the leaseholder and name changing several times: Williamson's Mansion Hotel, Fullers American House, and the City Hotel.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Benjamin Ogle Tayloe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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